Pixel Computer Aided Design (CAD) Method to Understand Mass Measurements, Imaging in Milli, Micro and Nanometer Resolution

Nandigana Venkata Raghavendra Vishal; Sivarama Krishnan

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijmsa.20261501.12

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Pixel Computer Aided Design (CAD) Method to Understand Mass Measurements, Imaging in Milli, Micro and Nanometer Resolution

Nandigana Venkata Raghavendra Vishal^*

, Sivarama Krishnan

Published in International Journal of Materials Science and Applications (Volume 15, Issue 1)

Received: 2 January 2026 Accepted: 13 January 2026 Published: 30 January 2026

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Abstract

In this article we measure the steady mass for our samples polyvinyl chloride and polyethylene. The constant mass is achieved when the acrylic box is used to shield the precision mass balance. The mass of our sample 1 polyvinyl chloride is 160 mg. Our sample 1 polyvinyl chloride is thin film of length 5.5 mm, width 7 mm and thickness 3.2 mm. The density of the polyvinyl chloride is 1300 kg/m3 in agreement with the literature. The stream flow is blocked when the acrylic shield is used. We observe fluctuations in the mass from 320 mg to 560 mg when there is no acrylic shield. The mass of our sample 2 polyethylene is 120 mg and the density is 893 kg/m3 with the acrylic shield. The mass of the polyethylene membrane material fluctuates from 60 mg to 350 mg without the acrylic shield. The geometry of our sample 2 polyethylene is length 14 mm, width 12 mm and thickness 0.8 mm. Further we build pixel computer aided design (CAD) model to correlate with the chemical elements in the periodic table towards exact match with the optical camera image of our two samples that are polyvinyl chloride and polyethylene. Furthermore we build the model to exact match to the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in micrometer and nanometer resolution to both samples. The chemical periodic table elements are obtained from energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The study of membrane materials can find applications towards energy and thermal management coolants.

Published in	International Journal of Materials Science and Applications (Volume 15, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijmsa.20261501.12
Page(s)	15-25
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2026. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Computer Aided Design (CAD), Pixel Imaging, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Polyvinyl Chloride, Polyethylene

References

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Vishal, N. V. R., Krishnan, S. (2026). Pixel Computer Aided Design (CAD) Method to Understand Mass Measurements, Imaging in Milli, Micro and Nanometer Resolution. International Journal of Materials Science and Applications, 15(1), 15-25. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20261501.12

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Vishal, N. V. R.; Krishnan, S. Pixel Computer Aided Design (CAD) Method to Understand Mass Measurements, Imaging in Milli, Micro and Nanometer Resolution. Int. J. Mater. Sci. Appl. 2026, 15(1), 15-25. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20261501.12

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Vishal NVR, Krishnan S. Pixel Computer Aided Design (CAD) Method to Understand Mass Measurements, Imaging in Milli, Micro and Nanometer Resolution. Int J Mater Sci Appl. 2026;15(1):15-25. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20261501.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ijmsa.20261501.12,
  author = {Nandigana Venkata Raghavendra Vishal and Sivarama Krishnan},
  title = {Pixel Computer Aided Design (CAD) Method to Understand Mass Measurements, Imaging in Milli, Micro and Nanometer Resolution},
  journal = {International Journal of Materials Science and Applications},
  volume = {15},
  number = {1},
  pages = {15-25},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijmsa.20261501.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20261501.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijmsa.20261501.12},
  abstract = {In this article we measure the steady mass for our samples polyvinyl chloride and polyethylene. The constant mass is achieved when the acrylic box is used to shield the precision mass balance. The mass of our sample 1 polyvinyl chloride is 160 mg. Our sample 1 polyvinyl chloride is thin film of length 5.5 mm, width 7 mm and thickness 3.2 mm. The density of the polyvinyl chloride is 1300 kg/m3 in agreement with the literature. The stream flow is blocked when the acrylic shield is used. We observe fluctuations in the mass from 320 mg to 560 mg when there is no acrylic shield. The mass of our sample 2 polyethylene is 120 mg and the density is 893 kg/m3 with the acrylic shield. The mass of the polyethylene membrane material fluctuates from 60 mg to 350 mg without the acrylic shield. The geometry of our sample 2 polyethylene is length 14 mm, width 12 mm and thickness 0.8 mm. Further we build pixel computer aided design (CAD) model to correlate with the chemical elements in the periodic table towards exact match with the optical camera image of our two samples that are polyvinyl chloride and polyethylene. Furthermore we build the model to exact match to the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in micrometer and nanometer resolution to both samples. The chemical periodic table elements are obtained from energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The study of membrane materials can find applications towards energy and thermal management coolants.},
 year = {2026}
}

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TY - JOUR
T1 - Pixel Computer Aided Design (CAD) Method to Understand Mass Measurements, Imaging in Milli, Micro and Nanometer Resolution
AU - Nandigana Venkata Raghavendra Vishal
AU - Sivarama Krishnan
Y1 - 2026/01/30
PY - 2026
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20261501.12
DO - 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20261501.12
T2 - International Journal of Materials Science and Applications
JF - International Journal of Materials Science and Applications
JO - International Journal of Materials Science and Applications
SP - 15
EP - 25
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2327-2643
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20261501.12
AB - In this article we measure the steady mass for our samples polyvinyl chloride and polyethylene. The constant mass is achieved when the acrylic box is used to shield the precision mass balance. The mass of our sample 1 polyvinyl chloride is 160 mg. Our sample 1 polyvinyl chloride is thin film of length 5.5 mm, width 7 mm and thickness 3.2 mm. The density of the polyvinyl chloride is 1300 kg/m3 in agreement with the literature. The stream flow is blocked when the acrylic shield is used. We observe fluctuations in the mass from 320 mg to 560 mg when there is no acrylic shield. The mass of our sample 2 polyethylene is 120 mg and the density is 893 kg/m3 with the acrylic shield. The mass of the polyethylene membrane material fluctuates from 60 mg to 350 mg without the acrylic shield. The geometry of our sample 2 polyethylene is length 14 mm, width 12 mm and thickness 0.8 mm. Further we build pixel computer aided design (CAD) model to correlate with the chemical elements in the periodic table towards exact match with the optical camera image of our two samples that are polyvinyl chloride and polyethylene. Furthermore we build the model to exact match to the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in micrometer and nanometer resolution to both samples. The chemical periodic table elements are obtained from energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The study of membrane materials can find applications towards energy and thermal management coolants.
VL - 15
IS - 1
ER -

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Nandigana Venkata Raghavendra Vishal

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India

Contact Email

http://orcid.org/0009-0000-6260-6567
Sivarama Krishnan

Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6163-7799

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Vishal, N. V. R., Krishnan, S. (2026). Pixel Computer Aided Design (CAD) Method to Understand Mass Measurements, Imaging in Milli, Micro and Nanometer Resolution. International Journal of Materials Science and Applications, 15(1), 15-25. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20261501.12

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ACS Style

Vishal, N. V. R.; Krishnan, S. Pixel Computer Aided Design (CAD) Method to Understand Mass Measurements, Imaging in Milli, Micro and Nanometer Resolution. Int. J. Mater. Sci. Appl. 2026, 15(1), 15-25. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20261501.12

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AMA Style

Vishal NVR, Krishnan S. Pixel Computer Aided Design (CAD) Method to Understand Mass Measurements, Imaging in Milli, Micro and Nanometer Resolution. Int J Mater Sci Appl. 2026;15(1):15-25. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20261501.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ijmsa.20261501.12,
  author = {Nandigana Venkata Raghavendra Vishal and Sivarama Krishnan},
  title = {Pixel Computer Aided Design (CAD) Method to Understand Mass Measurements, Imaging in Milli, Micro and Nanometer Resolution},
  journal = {International Journal of Materials Science and Applications},
  volume = {15},
  number = {1},
  pages = {15-25},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijmsa.20261501.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20261501.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijmsa.20261501.12},
  abstract = {In this article we measure the steady mass for our samples polyvinyl chloride and polyethylene. The constant mass is achieved when the acrylic box is used to shield the precision mass balance. The mass of our sample 1 polyvinyl chloride is 160 mg. Our sample 1 polyvinyl chloride is thin film of length 5.5 mm, width 7 mm and thickness 3.2 mm. The density of the polyvinyl chloride is 1300 kg/m3 in agreement with the literature. The stream flow is blocked when the acrylic shield is used. We observe fluctuations in the mass from 320 mg to 560 mg when there is no acrylic shield. The mass of our sample 2 polyethylene is 120 mg and the density is 893 kg/m3 with the acrylic shield. The mass of the polyethylene membrane material fluctuates from 60 mg to 350 mg without the acrylic shield. The geometry of our sample 2 polyethylene is length 14 mm, width 12 mm and thickness 0.8 mm. Further we build pixel computer aided design (CAD) model to correlate with the chemical elements in the periodic table towards exact match with the optical camera image of our two samples that are polyvinyl chloride and polyethylene. Furthermore we build the model to exact match to the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in micrometer and nanometer resolution to both samples. The chemical periodic table elements are obtained from energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The study of membrane materials can find applications towards energy and thermal management coolants.},
 year = {2026}
}

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